1. Chii chinonzi mhepo?Chii chinonzi mhepo yakajairika?
Mhinduro: Mhepo yakatenderedza pasi, isu takajaira kuidaidza kuti mweya.
Mhepo iri pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakatsanangurwa kwe0.1MPa, tembiricha ye20°C, uye hunyoro hwe36% imhepo yakajairika.Mhepo yakajairika inosiyana nemhepo yakajairwa mukupisa uye ine mwando.Kana paine mhute yemvura mumhepo, kana mhute yemvura yaparadzaniswa, huwandu hwemhepo huchaderedzwa.
2. Ndeipi chiyero chemamiriro ekutsanangurwa kwemhepo?
Mhinduro: Tsanangudzo yemamiriro ekunze ndeye: mamiriro emhepo kana mhepo yekusveta mhepo iri 0.1MPa uye tembiricha iri 15.6 ° C (tsanangudzo yeindasitiri yemumba ndeye 0 ° C) inonzi iyo yakajairika mamiriro emhepo.
Mumamiriro akajairwa, density yemhepo i1.185kg/m3 (kusimba kwemhepo compressor exhaust, dryer, sefa uye mamwe madhizaini ekugadzirisa anoratidzwa nekuyerera kwemhepo yemhepo, uye unit yakanyorwa seNm3 / min).
3. Chii chinonzi saturated air uye unsaturated air?
Mhinduro: Pane imwe tembiricha uye kumanikidzwa, zviri mukati memhute yemvura mumhepo ine hunyoro (kureva, kuwanda kwehuputi hwemvura) kune imwe muganhu;kana huwandu hwemhute hwemvura huri mune imwe tembiricha hunosvika pahuwandu hunokwanisika, hunyoro panguva ino Mhepo inonzi saturated air.Mhepo yakanyorova isina huwandu hunogona kuwanikwa hwemhute yemvura inonzi unsaturated air.
4. Mhepo isina kuzara inova mweya wakazara mumamiriro ezvinhu akaita sei?Chii chinonzi "condensation"?
Panguva iyo mweya usina unsaturated ukava mweya wakazara, madonhwe emvura emvura anodzika mumhepo ine hunyoro, iyo inonzi "condensation".Condensation inowanzoitika.Semuenzaniso, hunyoro hwemhepo muzhizha hwakanyanya, uye zviri nyore kugadzira madonhwe emvura pamusoro pepombi yemvura.Mumangwanani echando, madonhwe emvura achaonekwa pamahwindo egirazi evagari.Idzi imhepo ine mwando inotonhodzwa nedzvinyiriro yenguva dzose kuti isvike padova.Mhedzisiro ye condensation nekuda kwekushisa.
5. Chii chinonzi atmospheric pressure, absolute pressure uye geji pressure?Ndeapi mayunitsi akajairika ekumanikidza?
Mhinduro: Dzvinyiriro inokonzerwa nemhepo yakakora zvikuru yakakomberedza nzvimbo yepasi pamusoro penyika kana pamusoro pezvinhu zvinonzi “atmospheric pressure”, uye chiratidzo ndi Ρb;kudzvanywa kwakananga pamusoro pechigaba kana chinhu chinonzi "absolute pressure".Iko kukosha kwekumanikidza kunotanga kubva kune absolute vacuum, uye chiratidzo ndiPa;dzvinyiriro yakayerwa nemageji ekumanikidza, mavacuum gauges, machubhu akafanana neU uye zvimwe zviridzwa zvinodaidzwa kuti “gauge pressure”, uye “gauge pressure” inotanga kubva kumhepo yemuchadenga, uye chiratidzo Ρg.Hukama huri pakati pevatatu ndehwe
Pa=Pb+Pg
Dzvinyiriro inoreva simba pachikamu chenzvimbo, uye iyo yekumanikidza unit N/square, inoratidzwa sePa, inonzi Pascal.MPa (MPa) inowanzoshandiswa muinjiniya
1MPa = 10 simba rechitanhatu Pa
1 yakajairwa atmospheric pressure = 0.1013MPa
1kPa=1000Pa=0.01kgf/square
1MPa=10 simba rechitanhatu Pa=10.2kgf/square
Muhurongwa hwekare hwemayuniti, kudzvanywa kunowanzo kuratidzwa mu kgf/cm2 (kilogiramu simba/square centimeter).
6. Chii chinonzi tembiricha?Ndeapi mayuniti etembiricha anowanzoshandiswa?
A: Tembiricha ndiyo avhareji yehuwandu hwekupisa kwekufamba kwemamorekuru echinhu.
Tembiricha yakakwana: Tembiricha inotangira patembiricha yakadzikira kana mamorekuru egasi anomira kufamba, anotsanangurwa seT. Chikwata ichi ndi“Kelvin” uye chiratidzo cheyuniti ndiK.
Tembiricha yeCelsius: Tembiricha inotangira painonyunguduka eaizi, unit i “Celsius”, uye chiratidzo cheyuniti i ℃.Mukuwedzera, nyika dzeBritain neAmerica dzinowanzoshandisa "Fahrenheit tembiricha", uye chiratidzo cheyuniti ndiF.
Hukama hwekushandura pakati pemayuniti matatu ekushisa ndeye
T (K) = t (°C) + 273.16
t(F)=32+1.8t(℃)
7. Ndeipi chidimbu chekumanikidzwa kwemhute yemvura mumhepo ine mwando?
Mhinduro: Mhepo ine hunyoro musanganiswa wemhute yemvura uye mweya wakaoma.Mune imwe vhoriyamu yemhepo yakanyorova, huwandu hwemhute yemvura (kuburikidza nehukuru) kazhinji ishoma pane iyo yemhepo yakaoma, asi inotora huwandu hwakafanana nemhepo yakaoma., vanewo tembiricha yakafanana.Kudzvinyirirwa kwemhepo yakanyorova ndiko kuwanda kwekumanikidzwa kwechikamu chemagasi anoumba (kureva, mweya wakaoma uye mhute yemvura).Dzvinyiriro yemhute yemvura mumhepo ine hunyoro inodaidzwa kuti partial pressure yemhute yemvura, inodudzwa sePso.Kukosha kwayo kunoratidza huwandu hwemhute yemvura mumhepo ine hunyoro, iyo yakakwirira yemhute yemvura, iyo yakakwirira yemvura mhute chikamu chekumanikidza.Kudzvinyirirwa kwechidimbu chemhute yemvura mumhepo yakazadzwa inonzi saturated partial pressure yemhute yemvura, inodudzwa sePab.
8. Chii chinonzi mwando wemhepo?Humidity yakawanda sei?
Mhinduro: Huwandu hwemuviri hunoratidza kuoma uye hunyoro hwemhepo hunonzi hunyoro.Mataurirwo ehumidity anowanzo shandiswa ndeaya: absolute humidity uye humidity.
Pasi pemamiriro akajairwa, kuwanda kwemhute yemvura iri mumhepo ine hunyoro muhuwandu hwe1 m3 inonzi "absolute humidity" yemhepo ine hunyoro, uye iyo unit iri g/m3.Mhepo yakakwana inongoratidza chete kuti yakawanda sei mhute yemvura iri muchikamu chevhoriyamu yemhepo yakanyorova, asi hairatidzi kugona kwemweya wakanyorova kutora mhute yemvura, ndiko kuti, dhigirii rehunyoro hwemhepo inonyorova.Absolute humidity ndiko kuwanda kwemhute yemvura mumhepo nyoro.
Chiyero chehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuputi hwemvura huri mumhepo ine hunyoro kusvika kune huwandu hunogona kuitika hwehuputi hwemvura pane imwe tembiricha inonzi "relative humidity", iyo inowanzoratidzwa ne φ.Hunyoro hunyoro φ huri pakati pe0 ne100%.Idiki iyo φ kukosha, kuoma kwemhepo uye kusimba kwesimba rekutora mvura;iyo yakakura iyo φ kukosha, hunyoro hwemhepo uye husina simba hwekunyudza mvura.Kutora hunyoro hwemhepo ine hunyoro hunoenderana nekupisa kwayo.Sezvo tembiricha yemhepo yakanyorova ichikwira, iyo saturation pressure inowedzera zvinoenderana.Kana zviri mumhute wemvura zvikaramba zvisina kuchinjwa panguva ino, hunyoro hwehukama φ hwemhepo inonyorova huchaderera, kureva kuti, kunwa kwemvura yemhepo yakanyoro Kuwedzera.Naizvozvo, panguva yekuiswa kwekamuri compressor yemhepo, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kuchengetedza kufefetedza, kudzikisa tembiricha, kusadonha, uye kuunganidzwa kwemvura mukamuri kuderedza mwando mumhepo.
9. Chii chinonzi mwando?Nzira yekuverenga sei hunyoro?
Mhinduro: Mumhepo ine hunyoro, huwandu hwemhute hwemvura huri mu1kg yemhepo yakaoma inonzi "hunyoro" hwemhepo yakanyorova, iyo inowanzoshandiswa.Kuratidza kuti hunyoro hwemukati ω hunenge hwakaenzana nemhute yemvura partial pressure Pso, uye inversely proportional to total air pressure p.ω inonyatso ratidza huwandu hwemhute yemvura iri mumhepo.Kana kudzvanywa kwemuchadenga kuchiwanzogara, kana tembiricha yemhepo yakanyorova ichigara, Pso inogara iripo.Panguva ino, hunyoro hunowedzera, hunyoro hunowedzera, uye hunyoro hwekutora hushoma hunoderera.
10. Kuwanda kwemhute yemvura mumhepo yakaguta kunoenderana nei?
Mhinduro: Zviri mukati memhute yemvura (mvura vapor density) mumhepo inogumira.Mukati meiyo aerodynamic pressure (2MPa), zvinogona kutariswa kuti kuwanda kwemhute yemvura mumhepo yakazadzwa kunoenderana chete netembiricha uye haina chekuita nemhepo.Kukwirira tembiricha, ndiko kuwedzera kuwanda kwemhute yemvura yakazara.Semuenzaniso, pa40°C, 1 cubic meter yemhepo ine saturated saturated water vapour density zvisinei kuti pressure yayo i0.1MPa kana 1.0MPa.
11. Mhepo ine mwando chii?
Mhinduro: Mhepo ine imwe mhute yemvura inonzi mhepo yakanyorova, uye mhepo isina mhute yemvura inonzi mhepo yakaoma.Mhepo yakatipoteredza imhepo yakanyorova.Pane imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira, kuumbwa uye chikamu chemhepo yakaoma zvakanyanya kugadzikana, uye haina kukosha kwakakosha kwekushanda kwekupisa kwemhepo yose yakanyorova.Kunyange zvazvo hupfu hwemvura huri mumhepo ine hunyoro husina kukura, shanduko yezviri mukati ine simba guru pane zvemuviri zvemweya wakanyorova.Kuwanda kwemhute yemvura kunotarisa chiyero chekuoma uye hunyoro hwemhepo.Chinhu chinoshanda chemhepo compressor mweya wakanyorova.
12. Kupisa chii?
Mhinduro: Kupisa imhando yesimba.Zvizhinji zvinoshandiswa: KJ/(kg·℃), cal/(kg·℃), kcal/(kg·℃), nezvimwewo 1kcal=4.186kJ, 1kJ=0.24kcal.
Zvinoenderana nemirairo ye thermodynamics, kupisa kunogona kungotamiswa kubva pakakwirira tembiricha yekupedzisira kusvika kune yakaderera tembiricha kupera kuburikidza ne convection, conduction, radiation uye mamwe mafomu.Kana pasina kushandiswa kwesimba rekunze, kupisa hakugoni kuchinjwa.
13. Chii chinonzi kupisa kunonzwisisika?Chii chinonzi latent heat?
Mhinduro: Mukupisa kana kutonhora, kupisa kunotorwa kana kusunungurwa nechinhu kana tembiricha yacho yakwira kana kudonha pasina kuchinja mamiriro ayo ekutanga anonzi kupisa kunonzwisisika.Inogona kuita kuti vanhu vave nekuchinja kuri pachena mukutonhora nekupisa, izvo zvinowanzoyerwa nethermometer.Semuenzaniso, kupisa kunoitwa nekusimudza mvura kubva pa20 ° C kusvika 80 ° C kunonzi kupisa kunonzwisisika.
Kana chinhu chatora kana kuburitsa kupisa, chikamu chayo chinoshanduka (senge gasi rinova mvura…), asi tembiricha haichinji.Kupisa uku kubatwa kana kuburitswa kunonzi latent heat.Kupisa kwakadzikama hakugone kuyerwa nethermometer, uye muviri wemunhu haugone kuzvinzwa, asi inogona kuverengerwa nekuyedza.
Mushure mekunge mweya wakazara waburitsa kupisa, chikamu chemhute yemvura ichapinda mumvura yemvura, uye tembiricha yemhepo yakazara haidonhe panguva ino, uye chikamu ichi chekupisa chakaburitswa kupisa kwakadzikama.
14. Chii chinonzi enthalpy yemhepo?
Mhinduro: Iyo enthalpy yemhepo inoreva kupisa kwese kuri mumhepo, kazhinji kunoenderana neyuniti yakawanda yemhepo yakaoma.Enthalpy inomiririrwa nechiratidzo ι.
15. Chii chinonzi dova?Yakabatana nei?
Mhinduro: Dova ndiro tembiricha apo mweya usina unsaturated unodzikisira tembiricha yawo uchichengeta chidimbu chemutsindo wemhute yemvura isingachinji (ndiko kuti, kuchengeta iyo yakakwana yemukati yemvura isingachinji) kuitira kuti isvike pakuzara.Kana tembiricha yadzika kusvika padova, madonhwe emvura akafukidzwa anonaya mumhepo ine mwando.Dova remhepo ine hunyoro harisi chete rine chekuita nekupisa, asi zvakare rine chekuita nehuwandu hwehunyoro mumhepo ine hunyoro.Dova rinenge rakakwirira nekuwanda kwemvura, uye dova rakaderera nemvura shoma.Pane imwe tembiricha yemhepo ine mwando, kukwirisa tembiricha yedova, kunowedzera kumanikidza kwemhute yemvura mumhepo ine mwando, uye kuwedzera kwemhute yemvura mumhepo ine mwando.Iyo tembiricha yedova ine basa rakakosha mucompressor engineering.Semuenzaniso, kana tembiricha yekubuda kwemhepo compressor yakadzikira, musanganiswa wemafuta-gasi unodzika nekuda kwekudziya kwakadzika mugasi-gasi, izvo zvichaita kuti mafuta ekuzora ave nemvura uye anokanganisa maitiro ekuzora.Naizvozvo, tembiricha yekubuda kweiyo air compressor inofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti haina kudzika pane tembiricha yedova pasi pekumanikidza kunoenderana.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-17-2023
