1. Mhepo chii? Chii chakajairika mhepo?
Mhinduro: Mamiriro ekunze akapoterera pasi, isu tinoshandiswa kuidaidza kuti mweya.
Mhepo iri pasi pekumanikidzwa kwe 0.1mpa, tembiricha ye20 ° C, uye humidity ye36% yakajairika mweya. Yakajairika mhepo inosiyana nemhepo yakajairika mukudziya uye ine unyoro. Kana paine ruvara rwemvura mumhepo, kana ruzha rwemvura rwakatsaurwa, iyo mhepo yehuwandu ichaderedzwa.
2. Ndeipi iyo standard nyika tsanangudzo yemhepo?
Mhinduro: Tsanangudzo yeiyo Standard State ndeye: Iyo Mhepo Inoshandisirwa Mhepo Kumanikidza iri 0.1mpa uye tembiricha iri 15.6
Mune iyo Standard State, iyo Mhepo Density ndeye 1.185kg / m3 (Iyo Computer yeMhepo Compressor, Fryer, yekugadzira-midziyo yekufambisa yakanyorwa mudenga, uye iyo yuniti yakanyorwa seNM3 / min).
3. Ndeipi mhepo yakazara mhepo uye isina kusimbiswa mhepo?
Mhinduro: Pane imwe tembiricha uye kumanikidzwa, zvirimo mumvura yemvura mumhepo yakanyorova (kureva kuti, density yemvura yemvura) ine imwe muganho; Kana huwandu hwemvura yemvura iri mune imwe tembiricha inosvika kune yakakwira mapoinzi Mhepo inonyorova isina iyo yakanyanya kugona zvemukati yemvura yemvura inodaidzwa kuti isina kusimbiswa mweya.
4 Chii chinonzi "kubvuma"?
Parizvino kana mhepo isina kusimbiswa ichiva mhepo yakazara, madonhwe emvura anodzora mumhepo inonunura, inonzi "condensation". Kutenderwa kwakajairika. Semuenzaniso, kuseka kwemhepo muzhizha kwakakwira kwazvo, uye zviri nyore kuumba madonhwe emvura pamusoro penyo yemvura. Munguva yechando mangwanani, madonhwe emvura anozoonekwa pamahwindo egirazi evagari. Aya ndiwo mhepo yakanyorova yakamanikidzwa pasi pekudzvinyirirwa nguva dzose kuti usvike padhuze. Mhedzisiro yekudzikisira nekuda kwekushisa.
5. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvekumanikidza, kumanikidzwa kwemhombwe uye nekumanikidza kujekesa? Ndezvipi zviyero zvakajairika zvekumanikidzwa?
Mhinduro: Kumanikidzwa kwakakonzerwa neyakajairwa kwazvo mamiriro ekunze akatenderedza pasi pamusoro pepasi pepasi kana zvinhu zvepasi zvinonzi "kumanikidzwa", uye chiratidzo chiri qb; Dzvinyiriro yakananga kuita pamusoro pemudziyo kana chinhu chinonzi "kumanikidzwa kwe". Iko kudzvinyirirwa kwekumanikidza kunotanga kubva pane mhedziso yekuvhurwa, uye chiratidzo chiri pa; Dzvinyiriro yakayerwa nekumanikidza Gauges, vacuum vagayo, iwe-yakavezwa machubhu uye zvimwe zviridzwa zvinonzi "kumanikidzwa" Hukama pakati pevatatu ndirwo
Pa = PB + PG
Kumanikidza kunoreva simba pane yuniti nzvimbo, uye yekumanikidza unit iri n / mraba, inoratidzwa se pa, inonzi Pascal. MPA (MPa) inowanzoshandiswa muinjiniya
1mpa = 10 yechitanhatu Simba pa
1 standard atmospheric kumanikidzwa = 0.1013mpa
1KPA = 1000pa = 0.01kgf / Square
1mpa = 10 yechitanhatu Simba pa = 10.2kgf / Square
Mune iyo yekare system yemayuniti, kudzvinyirirwa kunowanzo kuratidzwa muKGF / CM2 (Kilogram Simba / Square Centimeter).
6. Chii chinonzi tembiricha? Ndezvipi zvinowanzoshandiswa tembiricha?
A: Tembiricha ndiyo avhareji yehuwandu hwekufamba kwemvura yemamorekuru eiyo mamalekyuli echinhu.
Tembiricha yakasimba: tembiricha yekutanga kubva kune yakaderera yekudziya tembiricha kana gasi molecules dzimire kufamba, inomiririrwa seT. Iyo unit iri "kelvin" uye chiratidzo cheuniti ndeye K.
Celsius tembiricha: tembiritsi kutanga kubva mukunyungudika kwechando, iyo unit iri "celsius", uye chiratidzo cheuniti chiri ℃. Mukuwedzera, nyika dzeBritain uye dzeAmerica dzinowanzo shandisa "Fahrenheit tembiricha", uye chiratidzo cheuniti chiri F.
Hukama hwekushandurwa pakati pematatu tembiricha zvikamu ndizvo
T (k) = t (° C) + 273.16
t (f) = 32 + 1.8T (℃)
7. Ndeipi nzira yekudzvinyirira yemvura yemvura mumhepo yakanyorova?
Mhinduro: Mhepo yakanyoroveswa isanganiswa yemvura yemvura uye mhepo yakaoma. Mune imwe vhoriyamu yemweya wakanyorova, huwandu hwemvura yemvura (nehuwandu) kazhinji kazhinji zvishoma pane iyo yemweya yakaoma, asi inogara huwandu hwakaoma semweya wakaoma. , zvakare ita kuti tembiricha imwechete. Dzvinyiriro yemhepo inonyoroora ndiyo huwandu hwesimbe dzemasoji emagasi (kureva, mweya wakaoma uye nemvura yemvura). Dzvinyiriro yemvura yemvura mumhepo yemhepo inonzi iyo chikamu chekumanikidza kwemvura yemvura, inomiririrwa se pso. Kukosha kwaro kunoratidza huwandu hwemaputi yemvura mumhepo yakanyorova, yakakwira mvura yemvura yemvura, yakakwira iyo Mvura yemvura inodzvinyirira. Kumanikidzwa kwetsvina yemvura yemvura mumhepo yakazara inonzi iyo yakazungurwa chikamu chekudzvanywa kwemvura yemvura, inomiririrwa se pab.
8. Kushomeka kwemhepo? Zvakanyanyisa sei kushingairira?
Mhinduro: huwandu hwemuviri hunoratidza kuoma uye humiziro yemhepo inonzi humidity. Kazhinji inoshandiswa zvirevo zvinyoro-nyoro ndezvekuti: kunyorovesa kwakanyorova uye hunyoro.
Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara, huwandu hwemvura yemvura yaive mumhepo yakanyorova mune vhoriyamu ye1 m3 inonzi "kuseka zvachose" kwemweya wakanyorova, uye unit iri g / m3. Akanyorovesa zvachose zvinoratidza kuti yakawanda sei muputi wemvura iri muchiverengero wemhepo, asi hairatidze kugona kwemweya wekunyorova kuti utore mvura yemvura, kureva kuti, iyo, iyo degree rekuseka kwemhepo yakanyorova. Akanyoroveswa zvakakwana ndiyo density yemvura yemvura mumhepo inonyorova.
Chiyero cheiyo huwandu chaihwo hwemvura yemvura yaive mumhepo yakanyorova kune huwandu hwakawandisa hwemvura yemvura pane imwe tembiricha inonzi "hunyoro", inowanzoratidzwa ne φ. Humidive Humidity φ iri pakati pe 0 kusvika 100%. Iyo diki iyo φ kukosha, iyo yakaoma mhepo uye yakasimba mvura yekunyora mvura; Iyo yakakura iyo Iyo yakanyorova yekunyomba kugona kwemweya wakanyorova zvakare zvine chekuita nekushisa kwaro. Sezvo tembiricha yemhepo yakanyorova inosimuka, kudzvanywa kwekugadzira kunowedzera maererano. Kana zviri mukati memupendero wemvura uchiramba zvisina kuchinjika panguva ino, hunyoro hwakaenzana imudenga hunyoro huchadzikira, ndiko kuti, kunyorova kwekunyorova kwekuwedzera kwemhepo. Naizvozvo, panguva yekuiswa kweiyo mhepo compressor kamuri, kutariswa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kuchengetedza ventilation, kuderedza tembiricha, hapana kudhonzwa, uye kuunganidzwa kwemvura mukamuri kuti uderedze unyoro mumhepo.
9. Chii chinonzi chinyoro? Maitiro Ekuverenga Zvinyorwa Zvekunyorova?
Mhinduro: Mumhepo yakanyorova, huwandu hwemvura yemvura iri mu 1kg yemweya wakaoma anonzi "zvinyoro-nyoro" zvemweya wakanyorova, izvo zvinowanzoshandiswa. Kuratidza kuti zvinyoro-nyoro zvinonyungudika ω ω zvinonyatsoratidza huwandu hwemvura yemvura yaive mumhepo. Kana iyo yekudzvinyirira yekumanikidza kazhinji inowanzoitika, kana tembiricha yemweya yakanyorova iri nguva dzose, so inogara zvakare. Panguva ino, kunyarara kwehukama kunowedzera, zvinowedzera zvinyoro-nyoro zvinowedzera, uye iyo yekunyorova yekunyomba inodzikira.
10. Chii chinonzi density yemvura yemvura mumhepo yakazara mhepo inoenderana?
Mhinduro: Zviri mukati memvura muputi wemvura (mvura yemvura density) mumhepo ishoma. Muhuwandu hwekumanikidzwa kweAerodynamic (2mpa), inogona kutariswa kuti density yemvura yemvura mumhepo yakazara kubva pane tembiricha uye haina chekuita nekumanikidza kwemhepo. Iyo yakakwira tembiricha, yakakura dentity yemvura yakazara yemvura. Semuenzaniso, pa40 ° C, 1 cubic meter yemhepo ine yakafanana yakaiswa mvura vapor density pasinei nekumanikidzwa kwayo ndeye 0.1mpa kana 1,0mpa.
11. Chii chakanyorova mweya?
Mhinduro: Mhepo ine imwe huwandu hwemvura yemvura inonzi yakanyungudutswa mweya, uye mhepo isina mupfu yemvura inodaidzwa kuti mhepo yakaoma. Mhepo yakatikomberedza imhepo inonyorova. Pane imwe huru, kuumbwa uye kuwanda kwemhepo yakaoma inotsikwa, uye haina kukosha kwakakosha pakubata kwemweya yese inonunura. Kunyangwe iyo mvura yemvura yemvura mumhepo yakanyorova haina kukura, shanduko yezvinyorwa zvine pesvedzero yakakura pane zvimiro zvemweya wakanyorova. Iyo huwandu hwemvura muputi inotarisisa iyo degree rekuoma uye humidity yemhepo. Chinhu chinoshanda chemhepo compressor inonyorova mweya.
12. Kupisa chii?
Mhinduro: Kupisa inzira yesimba. Inowanzo shandiswa Units: KJ / (KGG · ℃), cal · · ℃), kcal / (kg · ℃), etc. 1kcal = 4.186kj, 1kj = 0.24Kdcal.
Zvinoenderana nemitemo yeTermodynamics, kupisa kunogona kuendeswa kubva kune yakakwira tembiricha yekupedza kusvika pakupera kwekupedzisira kupinza kuburikidza neConvection, radiation uye mamwe mafomu. Mukushaikwa kwekunze kwesimba masimba, kupisa hakugone kudzoserwa.
13. Chii chinonakidza kupisa? Chii chisingaperi kupisa?
Mhinduro: Mukuita kwekudziya kana kutonhora, kupisa kwakanyudzwa kana kuburitswa nechinhu kana tembiricha yaro kana kuwa pasina kushanduka kwePase Yake yekutanga inodaidzwa. Zvinogona kuita kuti vanhu vave nekuchinja kuri pachena mukutonhora uye kupisa, izvo zvinogona kazhinji kuyerwa newarermeter. Semuenzaniso, kupisa kwakabatikana nekukwidza mvura kubva ku20 ° C kusvika 80 ° C inonzi inonzi kupisa.
Kana chinhu chinotora kana kuburitsa kupisa, chikamu chayo chega chega (senge gasi chinova mvura ...), asi tembiricha haina kuchinja. Izvi zvakabatikana kana kuti wakaburitswa kupisa kunodaidzwa kuparadzaniswa. Kupisa kupisa hakugone kuyerwa neimba yeremometer, kana muviri wemunhu haugone kuzvinzwa, asi unogona kuverengerwa kuedza.
Mushure memhepo yakazara inogara ichipisira kupisa, chikamu chemvura yemvura ichapinza mumvura yemvura, uye tembiricha yemweya wakazara haasi kudonhedza panguva ino, uye chikamu ichi chekupisa kupisa kupenga.
14. Chii chinonzi nyanza yemhepo?
Mhinduro: Iyo inobvumirwa yemhepo inoreva kune yakakwana kupisa yaive mumhepo, kazhinji yakavakirwa pane iyo unit yakawanda yemhepo yakaoma yemhepo. Enthalpy inomiririrwa nechiratidzo Ι.
15. Chii chinonzi dova? Chii chine chekuita nazvo?
Mhinduro: Iyo dova iyo tembiricha iyo iyo mhepo isina kusimbiswa inoderedza tembiricha yayo uchichengetedza kudzvinyirira kwemvura nguva dzose Kana tembiricha ikadonha kusvika padanho redova, madonhwe emvura akadzika acharemerwa mumhepo yakanyorova. Iyo dova remhepo yemhepo hanyanisi haina hukama chete nekudziya, asi zvakare ine hukama nehuwandu hwenyoro mumhepo yakanyorova. Iyo dova poindi yakakwira ine mvura yakakwirira yemvura, uye dova poindi yakaderera neyakaderera mvura. Pane imwe yakakungurisa yemhepo tembiricha, iyo dow ponco tembiricha, iyo yakakura yekudzvinyirira yemvura yemvura mumhepo yakanyorova, uye yakakura mvura yemvura mumhepo yemvura mumhepo yakanyorova. Iyo dow point tembiricha ine yakakosha kushandiswa muinjiniya engineering. Semuenzaniso, kana tembiricha yekudzvinyirira yakaderera kwazvo, musanganiswa wegasi-gasi uchawedzera kukonzeresa kupisa mumhirizhonga-gasi-gasi, iyo ichaita kuti mafuta ekurima ane mvura uye anokanganisa mapopoma. Naizvozvo, kudziya kwekunze kwemhepo compressor kunofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti haina kuderera pane iyo dow point tembiricha pasi pekumanikidzwa kwesimba.
Kutumira Nguva: Jul-17-2023
