1. Chii chinonzi mhepo? Chii chinonzi mhepo yakajairika?
Mhinduro: Mhepo yakatenderedza nyika, isu takajaira kuidana kuti mhepo.
Mhepo iri pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakatarwa kwe0.1MPa, tembiricha ye20°C, uye hunyoro hwe36% imhepo yakajairika. Mhepo yakajairika inosiyana nemhepo yakajairika patembiricha uye ine hunyoro. Kana paine utsi hwemvura mumhepo, kana utsi hwemvura hwaparadzaniswa, huwandu hwemhepo huchaderedzwa.
2. Ndeipi tsananguro yemamiriro ekunze emhepo?
Mhinduro: Tsananguro yemamiriro akajairwa ndeiyi: mamiriro emhepo kana kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kuri 0.1MPa uye tembiricha iri 15.6°C (tsananguro yeindasitiri yemumba i0°C) inonzi mamiriro akajairwa emhepo.
Mumamiriro akajairwa, huwandu hwemhepo i1.185kg/m3 (kukwanisa kwemhepo inoburitsa utsi, dryer, filter nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa mushure mekugadzirisa kunoratidzwa nekufamba kwemhepo mumamiriro akajairwa emhepo, uye unit yacho yakanyorwa seNm3/min).
3. Chii chinonzi mhepo yakaguta nemhepo isina kuguta?
Mhinduro: Pakudziya nekumanikidzwa kwakati, huwandu hwemvura mumhepo ine hunyoro (ndiko kuti, huwandu hwemvura mumhepo) hune muganho wakati; kana huwandu hwemvura mumhepo ine hunyoro hwasvika pahuwandu hwakati wandei, hunyoro panguva ino Mhepo inonzi mhepo yakaguta. Mhepo ine hunyoro isina huwandu hwakati wandei hwemvura mumhepo inonzi mhepo isina hunyoro.
4. Mhepo isina kuguta inova mhepo yakaguta mumamiriro api ezvinhu? Chii chinonzi "condensation"?
Panguva iyo mhepo isina kuguta inova mhepo yakaguta, madonhwe emvura anoungana mumhepo ine hunyoro, iyo inonzi "condensation". Kuungana kwakajairika. Semuenzaniso, hunyoro hwemhepo muzhizha hwakanyanya, uye zviri nyore kugadzira madonhwe emvura pamusoro pepombi yemvura. Mangwanani echando, madonhwe emvura anoonekwa pamahwindo egirazi evagari. Aya ndiwo mhepo ine hunyoro inotonhodzwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakasimba kuti isvike panzvimbo yedova. Mugumisiro wekuungana kwacho nekuda kwekupisa.
5. Chii chinonzi pressure yemumhepo, absolute pressure uye gauge pressure? Ndezvipi zvikamu zvakajairika zvepressure?
Mhinduro: Kumanikidzwa kunokonzerwa nemhepo yakakora kwazvo yakakomberedza pamusoro penyika pamusoro penyika kana pamusoro pezvinhu kunonzi "mhepo inomanikidza", uye chiratidzo ndiΡb; kumanikidzwa kunoshanda zvakananga pamusoro pechirongo kana chinhu kunonzi "mhepo inomanikidza". Kukosha kwekumanikidzwa kunotangira kubva pa absolute vacuum, uye chiratidzo ndiPa; kumanikidzwa kunoyerwa nema pressure gauges, vacuum gauges, machubhu ane chimiro cheU nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa kunonzi "gauge pressure", uye "gauge pressure" inotangira kubva pa atmospheric pressure, uye chiratidzo ndiΡg. Hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zvitatu izvi ndi
Pa=Pb+Pg
Kudzvanywa kunoreva simba pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, uye chikamu chekudzvanywa iN/square, inotumidzwa sePa, inonzi Pascal. MPa (MPa) inowanzoshandiswa muinjiniya.
1MPa=10 simba rechitanhatu Pa
Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakajairika 1 = 0.1013MPa
1kPa=1000Pa=0.01kgf/sikweya
1MPa=10 simba rechitanhatu Pa=10.2kgf/sikweya
Muhurongwa hwekare hwemayuniti, kumanikidzwa kunowanzo ratidzwa mu kgf/cm2 (simba rekilogiramu/sendimita yemativi mana).
6. Chii chinonzi tembiricha? Ndeapi mayuniti etembiricha anoshandiswa zvakanyanya?
A: Kupisa iavhareji yehuwandu hwekufamba kwekupisa kwemamorekuru echinhu.
Tembiricha yakakwana: Tembiricha inotangira patembiricha yakaderera kana mamorekuru egasi akarega kufamba, inoratidzirwa seT. Yuniti yacho ndi "Kelvin" uye chiratidzo cheyuniti ndiK.
Tembiricha yeCelsius: Tembiricha inotangira padanho rekunyunguduka kwechando, unit yacho i "Celsius", uye chiratidzo cheyunit i ℃. Pamusoro pezvo, nyika dzeBritain neAmerica dzinowanzo shandisa "tembiricha yeFahrenheit", uye chiratidzo cheyunit i F.
Hukama hwekushandura pakati pezvikamu zvitatu zvekupisa huri
T (K) = t (°C) + 273.16
t(F)=32+1.8t(℃)
7. Chii chinonzi kumanikidzwa kwechikamu chemhepo ine hunyoro?
Mhinduro: Mhepo ine hunyoro musanganiswa wemhepo ine hunyoro nemhepo yakaoma. Mune imwe vhoriyamu yemhepo ine hunyoro, huwandu hwemhepo ine hunyoro (nehuremu) hunowanzova hushoma pane hwemhepo yakaoma, asi hunogara huwandu hwakafanana nemhepo yakaoma. , inewo tembiricha yakafanana. Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo ine hunyoro ndiko huwandu hwezvishoma zvemagasi aripo (kureva, mhepo yakaoma nemhepo ine hunyoro). Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo ine hunyoro mumhepo ine hunyoro kunonzi kumanikidzwa kwechikamu chemhepo ine hunyoro, kunoratidzwa sePso. Kukosha kwayo kunoratidza huwandu hwemvura ine hunyoro mumhepo ine hunyoro, huwandu hwemvura ine hunyoro hwakakwira, kumanikidzwa kwechikamu chemvura ine hunyoro kwakakwira. Kumanikidzwa kwechikamu chemhepo ine hunyoro mumhepo ine hunyoro kunonzi kumanikidzwa kwechikamu chemvura ine hunyoro, kunoratidzwa sePab.
8. Hunyoro hwemhepo hwakaita sei? Hunyoro hwakaita sei?
Mhinduro: Huwandu hwemuviri hunoratidza kuoma uye hunyoro hwemhepo hunonzi hunyoro. Mashoko anowanzo shandiswa ehunyoro ndeanoti: hunyoro hwakazara uye hunyoro hwehukama.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, huremu hwemvura iri mumhepo ine hunyoro muhuwandu hwe1 m3 hunonzi "hunyoro hwakazara" hwemhepo ine hunyoro, uye unit yacho i g/m3. Hunyoro hwakazara hunoratidza chete kuti hunyoro hwakawanda sei huri muhuwandu hwemhepo ine hunyoro, asi hazviratidzi kugona kwemhepo ine hunyoro kupinza hunyoro hwemvura, kureva kuti, mwero wehunyoro hwemhepo ine hunyoro. Hunyoro hwakazara huwandu hwehunyoro hwemvura mumhepo ine hunyoro.
Chiyero chehuwandu chaihwo hwemvura iri mumhepo ine hunyoro kusvika pahuwandu hwemvura inodziya patembiricha imwe chete chinonzi "hunyoro hushoma", hunowanzo ratidzwa ne φ. Hunyoro hushoma hwe φ huri pakati pe 0 ne 100%. Kana φ kukosha kwayo kukaderera, mhepo inooma uye simba remvura rinokwira; φ kukosha kwayo kwakakura, hunyoro hunowedzera uye simba remvura rinokwira. Hunyoro hushoma hwemhepo ine hunyoro hunoenderanawo netembiricha yayo. Sezvo tembiricha yemhepo ine hunyoro ichikwira, kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunowedzera zvinoenderana. Kana huwandu hwemvura hukaramba husina kuchinja panguva ino, hunyoro hushoma hwe φ hwemhepo ine hunyoro huchaderera, kureva kuti, hunyoro hushoma hwemhepo ine hunyoro hunowedzera. Nokudaro, panguva yekuisa imba ye compressor yemhepo, kutarisirwa kunofanira kupihwa pakuchengetedza mhepo inofefetera, kudzikisa tembiricha, kusaburitsa mvura, uye kuungana kwemvura mukamuri kuderedza hunyoro mumhepo.
9. Chii chinonzi hunyoro? Ungaverenga sei hunyoro?
Mhinduro: Mumhepo ine hunyoro, hunyoro hwemvura iri mu1kg yemhepo yakaoma hunonzi "hunyoro" hwemhepo ine hunyoro, iyo inowanzoshandiswa. Kuratidza kuti hunyoro ω hunenge hwakaenzana nehunyoro hwemvura Pso, uye hunoenderana nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo yese p. ω hunoratidza huwandu hwemvura iri mumhepo. Kana kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kuchigara kwakafanana, kana tembiricha yemhepo ine hunyoro ichigara kwakafanana, Pso inogarawo kwakafanana. Panguva ino, hunyoro hunowedzera, hunyoro hunowedzera, uye kugona kwehunyoro kunoderera.
10. Kuwanda kwemvura mumhepo yakazara kunoenderana nei?
Mhinduro: Huremu hwemvura (huwandu hwemvura) mumhepo hwakaganhurirwa. Muhuwandu hwemhepo inoyerera (2MPa), zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti huwandu hwemvura mumhepo yakasviba hunoenderana chete netembiricha uye hahuna chekuita nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo. Kana tembiricha yakakwira, huwandu hwemvura yakasviba hunokura. Semuenzaniso, pa40°C, mita imwe yemhepo ine huwandu hwakafanana hwemvura yakasviba zvisinei nekuti kumanikidzwa kwayo kuri 0.1MPa kana 1.0MPa.
11. Chii chinonzi mhepo ine hunyoro?
Mhinduro: Mhepo ine huwandu hwakati hwemhute yemvura inonzi mhepo ine hunyoro, uye mhepo isina mhute yemvura inonzi mhepo yakaoma. Mhepo yakatipoteredza imhepo ine hunyoro. Pakukwirira kwakati, kuumbwa uye huwandu hwemhepo yakaoma zvakagadzikana, uye hazvina kukosha zvakanyanya pakushanda kwekupisa kwemhepo yese ine hunyoro. Kunyangwe huwandu hwemhute yemvura mumhepo ine hunyoro husiri hukuru, kuchinja kwehuwandu kune simba guru pahunhu hwemuviri hwemhepo ine hunyoro. Huwandu hwemhute yemvura hunosarudza mwero wekuoma uye hunyoro hwemhepo. Chinhu chinoshanda checompressor yemhepo imhepo ine hunyoro.
12. Chii chinonzi kupisa?
Mhinduro: Kupisa imhando yesimba. Zviyero zvinowanzo shandiswa: KJ/(kg·℃), cal/(kg·℃), kcal/(kg·℃), nezvimwewo. 1kcal=4.186kJ, 1kJ=0.24kcal.
Zvichienderana nemitemo yethermodynamics, kupisa kunogona kutamiswa kubva pakupisa kwakanyanya kuenda pakupisa kwakaderera kuburikidza ne convection, conduction, radiation nedzimwe nzira. Kana pasina simba rekunze rinoshandiswa, kupisa hakugone kudzoserwa kumashure.
13. Chii chinonzi kupisa kunonzwisisika? Chii chinonzi kupisa kwakahwanda?
Mhinduro: Mukati mekupisa kana kutonhodza, kupisa kunotorwa kana kuburitswa nechinhu kana tembiricha yacho yakwira kana kudzika pasina kuchinja mamiriro ayo ekutanga kunonzi kupisa kwakangwara. Kunogona kuita kuti vanhu vave nekuchinja kuri pachena muchando nekupisa, izvo zvinowanzo kuyerwa nethermometer. Semuenzaniso, kupisa kunotorwa nekusimudza mvura kubva pa20°C kusvika 80°C kunonzi kupisa kwakangwara.
Kana chinhu chikatora kana kuburitsa kupisa, mamiriro acho ezvinhu anochinja (sekuti gasi rinova mvura…), asi tembiricha haichinji. Kupisa uku kunotorwa kana kuburitswa kunonzi kupisa kwakavanzika. Kupisa kwakavanzika hakugone kuyerwa nethermometer, uye muviri wemunhu haugone kuinzwa, asi kunogona kuverengerwa nekuyedza.
Kana mweya wakazara waburitsa kupisa, chikamu chemvura inopfungaira ikava mvura, uye tembiricha yemhepo yakazara haidonhe panguva ino, uye chikamu ichi chekupisa kunoburitswa kupisa kwakavanzika.
14. Chii chinonzi enthalpy yemhepo?
Mhinduro: Enthalpy yemhepo inoreva kupisa kwese kuri mumhepo, kazhinji zvichibva pahuwandu hwemhepo yakaoma. Enthalpy inomiririrwa nechiratidzo ι.
15. Chii chinonzi dova point? Chii chine chekuita nayo?
Mhinduro: Nzvimbo yedova ndiyo tembiricha iyo mhepo isina kuguta inoderedza tembiricha yayo uku ichichengetedza kumanikidzwa kwechikamu chemhepo yemvura (ndiko kuti, kuchengetedza huwandu hwemvura hwakakwana) kuitira kuti isvike pakuzara. Kana tembiricha yadzikira kusvika panzvimbo yedova, madonhwe emvura akaunganidzwa anowira mumhepo ine hunyoro. Nzvimbo yedova yemhepo ine hunyoro haina chekuita chete netembiricha, asiwo ine chekuita nehuwandu hwehunyoro mumhepo ine hunyoro. Nzvimbo yedova yakakwira ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura, uye nzvimbo yedova yakaderera ine huwandu hushoma hwemvura. Patembiricha yakati yemhepo ine hunyoro, tembiricha yedova yakakwira, kumanikidzwa kwechikamu chemhepo ine hunyoro mumhepo ine hunyoro kunowedzera, uye huwandu hwakawanda hwehunyoro mumhepo ine hunyoro. Tembiricha yedova ine basa rakakosha mukugadzira compressor. Semuenzaniso, kana tembiricha yekubuda yecompressor yemhepo yakaderera zvakanyanya, musanganiswa weoiri-gasi uchadzika nekuda kwetembiricha yakaderera mubharero reoiri-gasi, izvo zvichaita kuti oiri yekuzora ive nemvura uye inokanganisa lubrication effect. Naizvozvo, tembiricha yekubuda yecompressor yemhepo inofanira kugadzirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti haina kudzika kupfuura tembiricha yedova pasi pesimba rinoenderana.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-17-2023
